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Melicope kaalaensis

(H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Melicope

alani, alani kuahiwi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small or medium-sized trees ca. 3–7 m tall, new growth densely yellowish or yellowish white tomentose and with a waxy scurf.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate–elliptic, oblong–ovate, or broadly oblong–elliptic; 4–23 cm long, 2–9.5 cm wide. Apex acute to obtuse and usually mucronulate. Base weakly cordate or rounded. Upper surfaces glabrous; lower surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, more densely so along midrib, sometimes becoming sparsely so with age;, with a strong anise odor, coriaceous; upper surfaces dark and glossy; lower surfaces paler with reddish brown veins. Margins entire. Lateral veins usually 10–18 pairs, prominent on lower surface, slightly ascending, connected by a slightly arched vein usually 2–7 mm from margin, venation pinnate, lateral veins connected by an arched submarginal vein, higher order venation forming a reticulate pattern. Petioles stout, 10–35 mm long, usually puberulent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 4–9 in cymes, puberulent throughout, peduncles 15–95 mm long, pedicels 5– 12 mm long, bracts small, opposite. Calyx of 4 sepals; sepals imbricate, staminate flowers with sepals ovate, ca. 5 mm long, puberulent, pistillate flowers with sepals ovate, ca. 4 mm long, puberulent. Corolla of 4 petals, valvate; staminate flowers petals deltate–ovate, ca. 8 mm long, puberulent externally, glabrous within, pistillate flowers petals pinkish, deltate–ovate, ca.7 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, puberulent externally, glabrous within. Stamens 8, in 2 whorls, distinct, reduced but always present in functionally pistillate flowers, pistillate flowers with stamens rudimentary. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), carpels connate, only slightly distinct at apex to almost entirely distinct, densely yellowish pubescent, on a slightly paler, puberulent nectary disk; ovules 2 per cell, hemitropous, 1 ascending; style 1, terminating in 4 short stigmatic branches, ; style ca. 3.5 mm long, hirtellous. 4-celled and 4-lobed; staminate flowers ovary and nectary disk reduced, puberulent; style short hirtellous.

Fruit: Capsules green; 20–35 mm wide; carpels connate ⅓–½ their length; 9– 17 mm long; reflexed after dehiscence; exocarp puberulent; endocarp densely puberulent. the carpels dehiscing along the upper suture. Seeds 1–2 per carpel; ca. 6–8 mm long. glossy black when ripe; crustaceous; ovoid; sometimes angled from compression; embryo straight in fleshy endosperm; radicle short; cotyledons compressed; ovate; putamen brown; warty.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic forest and perhaps wet forest.

Elevation Range: 520–860 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Taxon 38: 121 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1190 (O [as Pelea kaalaensis]); Hartley & Stone 1989:121 (COMBNOV:Syn. P. kaalaensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kanehoa ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1853 Oahu BISH 11/18/1984
2 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., puu kanehoa, ne ridge, above kunia trail Alectryon, Pelea, Bobea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 3624 Oahu BISH 8/27/1961
3 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae, Palihua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 343 Oahu BISH 8/25/1922
4 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone makaha valley, waianae mts moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 24865 Oahu BISH 11/30/1952
5 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kaala, waianaeuka wooded gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 12919 Oahu BISH 1/8/1933
6 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kunia trail, e of puu kanehoa, waianae mts Single clump observed in small headwater drainage. Vegetation: Dicranopteris, Hedyotis, Xylosma, Coprosma, Melicope, Freycinetia, Scaevola, Cyrtandra, Sadleria, Pipturus, Gahnia beecheyi, Eragrostis, Bobea, Amauropelta, Selaginella, Pneumatopteris, Diplopterygium, Broussaisia. Threats: Axis deer, Tibouchina, Morella, Melinis, Rubus, Psidium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. pearsall, g. collector number: 3243 Lanai BISH 3/26/1960
7 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone pua kaua mossy rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. lau, j. collector number: 10638 Molokai BISH 3/31/2004
8 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Pua Kaua wet; Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine sandwicensis, Astelia menziesiana, Coprosma longifolia, Melicope peduncularis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 10638 Oahu BISH 3/31/2004
9 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Haleauau, Waianae Mts., between Kaala and Schofield PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1929 Oahu BISH 3/15/1971
10 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., puu kanehoa, ridge to summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone s.n. Oahu BISH 3/26/1960
11 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone haleauau, waianae mts., between kaala and schofield PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1929 Oahu BISH 3/15/1971
12 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kunia trail, E of Puu Kanehoa, Waianae Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 3287 Oahu BISH 3/26/1960
13 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kunia trail, e of puu kanehoa, waianae mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. pearsall, g. collector number: 3287 Oahu BISH 3/26/1960
14 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kaala Summit; steep eastern face below facility; Metrosideros Montane Wet Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 5903 Oahu PTBG 1/5/1997
15 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Oahu, Waianae Mts., Puu Kanehoa, toward summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. 3457 Oahu US 4/30/1960
16 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Mt. Kaala summit bog, near power station domes. Open bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 5498 Oahu PTBG 3/27/1987
17 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Schofield Military Range area; ridge leading to Puu Kalena; Elev. 900-950 m. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1558 Oahu PTBG 1/3/1992
18 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Puu Kaua Region Metrosideros polymorpha var. polyorpha wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 10638 Oahu PTBG 3/31/2004
19 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts; Honouliuli TNC preserve; Pualii drainage just south fo Pohakea Pass and east of 2775 ft peak; Metrosideros-Acacia lowland mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7710 Oahu PTBG 3/9/1999
20 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., kanehoa, ridge to summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone s.n. Kauai US 3/26/1960
21 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., Kanehoa, ridge to summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. s.n. Oahu US 3/26/1960
22 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone mauka of kawaiiki ditch intake. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 17363 Oahu US 4/30/1939
23 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., above Kunia, between Kanehoa and Pu`u Kaua, head of large valley on dry ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G. A. 469 Oahu US 9/1/1959
24 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., Puu Kanehoa, ridge to summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. s.n. Oahu US 3/26/1960
25 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., above kunia, between kanehoa and pu`u kaua, head of large valley on dry ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. pearsall 469 Oahu US 9/1/1959
26 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Between summit of Pilso Trail and spur dividing Makua Valley from Kahanahailsi Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8523 Oahu US 7/10/1932
27 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kawiwi-kaala ridge, waianae kai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 17609 Oahu US 3/31/1935
28 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone anahulu trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & j. foster 12308 Oahu US 3/23/1939
29 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., Makaha Valley, Kaala Range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. --- Oahu US 1909-00-00
30 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone oahu, waianae mts., puu kanehoa, toward summit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone 3457 Oahu US 4/30/1960
31 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone between summit of pilso trail and spur dividing makua valley from kahanahailsi valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8523 Molokai US 7/10/1932
32 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Anahulu Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Foster, J. 12308 Oahu US 3/23/1939
33 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., makaha valley, kaala range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes --- Oahu US 2/12/1909
34 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., above Kunia, Kanehoa to Puu Kaua, ridge, head of large valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. 469 Oahu BISH 9/1/1959
35 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kaala, Waianaeuka wooded gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12919 Oahu BISH 1/8/1933
36 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kanehoa ridge Open field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. et al. collector number: 1853 Oahu BISH 11/18/1984
37 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Honouliuli. Acacia koa-Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 5650 Oahu PTBG 4/28/1996
38 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., puu kanehoa, toward summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 3457 Oahu BISH 4/30/1960
39 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Mauka of Kawaiiki ditch intake. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 17363 Oahu US 4/30/1939
40 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts., ridge rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25112 Oahu BISH 5/3/1953
41 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kunia trail, E of Puu Kanehoa, Waianae Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 3243 Oahu BISH 3/26/1960
42 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Palihua, Honouliuli PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Russ, G.W. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/1/1933
43 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kaala range, makaha valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/12/1909
44 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., Puu Kanehoa, NE ridge, above Kunia trail Alectryon, Pelea, Bobea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 3624 Oahu BISH 8/27/1961
45 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone summit of piko trail to spur between makua and kahanahailei valleys Closed to open Metrosideros mesic forest and riparian vegetation. W/ matting ferns of Dicranopteris and Diplopterygium with Freycinetia, Labordia, Xylosma, Antidesma, Santalum, Pleomele, Pouteria, Melicope volcanica, Kadua acuminata, K. affinis, Tetraplasandra oahuensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 8523 Lanai BISH 7/10/1932
46 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae, palihua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 343 Oahu BISH 8/25/1922
47 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone palehua, waianae mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1675 o Oahu BISH 4/1/1911
48 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone palehua, waianae mts Ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1675 o Oahu BISH 4/1/1911
49 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 24865 Oahu BISH 11/30/1952
50 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., Puu Kanehoa, toward summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 3457 Oahu BISH 4/30/1960
51 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kanehoa ridge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. et al. collector number: 1853 BISH 11/18/1984
52 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone piko trail summit, rim of makua valley to middle of kahanahaiki valley forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. nitta, y. collector number: 8567 Oahu BISH 7/18/1933
53 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone makaha valley, waianae mts., ridge rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25112 Oahu BISH 5/3/1953
54 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kaala Range, Makaha Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/12/1909
55 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Piko trail summit, rim of Makua Valley to middle of Kahanahaiki Valley forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8567 Oahu BISH 7/18/1933
56 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., above kunia, kanehoa to puu kaua, ridge, head of large valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. collector number: 469 Oahu BISH 9/1/1959
57 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone summit of Piko trail to spur between Makua and Kahanahailei valleys forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8523 Oahu BISH 7/10/1932
58 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone base Kaala, end of Schofield fire break trail forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8522 Oahu BISH 3/13/1932
59 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone waianae mts., e ridge, puu kanehoa, honouliuli moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 14056 Oahu BISH 1/7/1934
60 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kawiwi-Kaala ridge, Waianae Kai wooded PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 17609 Oahu BISH 3/31/1935
61 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone base kaala, end of schofield fire break trail forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k.; topping, d.l.; swezey, o. collector number: 8522 Oahu BISH 3/13/1932
62 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone kunia trail, e of puu kanehoa, waianae mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. pearsall, g. collector number: 3315 Oahu BISH 3/26/1960
63 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Waianae Mts., E ridge, Puu Kanehoa, Honouliuli moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 14056 Oahu BISH 1/7/1934
64 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Palehua, Waianae Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1675 O Oahu BISH 4/1/1911
65 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone Kunia trail, E of Puu Kanehoa, Waianae Mts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 3315 Oahu BISH 3/26/1960
66 Melicope kaalaensis (H.St.John) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone palihua, honouliuli PRESERVED_SPECIMEN russ, g.w. Oahu BISH 5/1/1933
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